Sunday, February 04, 2018

Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Constitutional Liar

By Douglas V. Gibbs
Author, Speaker, Instructor, Radio Host

The following is an excerpt from my upcoming book "7 Worst Constitutional Liars", which should be available for purchase in the next week or so.

Note: Sources added in italics, will be listed in the bibliography of the book once it is available in proper MLA style.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt became President of the United States during the Great Depression on March 4, 1933. (Arrow Book of Presidents by Sturgess F. Cary Scholastic Book Services, New York, 1976, p. 105)  Early, during his rise, he defended the U.S. Constitution, well knowing the importance of the document to the American people.  Even during his presidency, as he was usurping the U.S. Constitution, President Roosevelt claimed to be its defender.

During his first inaugural address, March 4, 1933, Roosevelt said, “Our Constitution is so simple and practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form.”  Franklin D. Roosevelt, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1933, as published in Samuel Rosenman, ed., The Public Papers of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Volume Two: The Year of Crisis, 1933 (New York: Random House, 1938), 11–16.

In a “Fireside Chat” on March 9, 1937, during which he used the words “constitution,” “constitutional,” and “unconstitutional” 41 times, President Roosevelt remarked, “I hope that you have re-read the Constitution of the United States in these past few weeks. Like the Bible, it ought to be read again and again.” http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=15381

It was clear, however, years prior, that Roosevelt held a Hamiltonian view of the Constitution, defending the concept that it contains implied powers.  During an address as Governor of New York, March 2, 1930, he said, “The United States Constitution has proved itself the most marvelously elastic compilation of rules of government ever written.” [emphasis added]
http://www.lexrex.com/enlightened/writings/fdr_address.htm

Roosevelt may have voiced his love for the U.S. Constitution, but contrary to our founding principles, he believed that soft socialism was what could pull the United States out of the economic difficulties she was in.  His legislative strategies not only were socialist in nature, but were founded upon Marshall’s concept of federal supremacy.

The 1932 Presidential Election represented a shift in America’s political identity.  While Roosevelt avoided specifics, he made clear that his program for economic recovery would make extensive use of the power of the federal government.  He promised aid to farmers, public development of electric power, a balanced budget, and government policing of irresponsible private economic power. (https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1932)  Roosevelt won the election in an electoral landslide, 472 to 59.  Americans also elected substantial Democrat Party majorities to both Houses of Congress. 

Roosevelt had every tool he wanted for implementing his policies, except for the court system – an apparent frustration of his in 1937, when in his March 9 “Fireside Chat,” he stated, “We must save the Constitution from the [Supreme] Court and the Court from itself.”
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=15381

In 1937 President Franklin Roosevelt attempted to increase the number of justices to fifteen so that he could get a court which would be sympathetic to many of his New Deal programs.  This was rejected, but a bill was passed which allowed the Attorney General to appeal directly to the Supreme Court whenever the constitutionality of an act of Congress was involved.  The Making of America: The Substance and Meaning of the Constitution by W. Cleon Skousen, Washington D.C. The National Center for Constitutional Studies p. 584

In 1933, Roosevelt’s Inauguration Address promised prompt, decisive action, and he conveyed some of his own unshakable self-confidence to millions of Americans listening on radios throughout the land. “This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and prosper,” he asserted, adding, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”  
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5057

Act One in 1933 began with the National Industrial Recovery Act, which was believed to represent the kind of reform the nation needed.  [Roosevelt’s wife,] Eleanor, hoped the NRA codes would be charters of “fair play” among the various elements in the industrial process…she helped the unions in their drive to organize…and when the codes turned into agreements for administered prices and restricted production she did her utmost to get consumer representation on the code authorities and state recovery boards. Eleanor and Franklin by Joseph P. Lash, New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. (1971) p 383

The next program in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act.  It seemed senseless when people were starving and in rags to pay farmers to plow under cotton and slaughter piglets, which had been a federally-ordered practice in an effort to reduce farm prices.  In reference to the piglets, she once told a farmer, “There are thousands of people in the country starving.  Why not give the meat away to them?”  Her position led to a scheme that anticipated the food-stamp plan. P. 383-384

While on the surface the plans of President Roosevelt, and Eleanor’s opinions of them, seemed to be a good thing, increasing federal authority over the interior issues of the United States was contrary to Jefferson’s championed concept of laissez faire.  The policies of the Roosevelt administration seemed utopian and socialist, because they were.

During the Autumn of 1933, Eleanor Roosevelt became a fan of a book, Prohibiting Poverty, by Prestonia Mann Martin, the granddaughter of Horace Mann.  Horace Mann was an early reformer of education, as well as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1848 to 1853. 
(Cassara, Ernest. “Reformer as Politician: Horace Mann and the Anti-Slavery Struggle in Congress, 1848-1853.'' Journal of American Studies 5 (December 1971): 247-64; Messerli, Jonathan. Horace Mann: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1972).

The Mann family went on to find itself among the ranks of Fabians here in the States.  http://progressingamerica.blogspot.com/2012/07/regarding-friendly-relationship-and.html

Prestonia Mann was a contributing editor of The American Fabian. (The American Fabian: Organ of Fabian Socialism in the United States (Volume III, No. 11), published by The Fabian Educational Company, New York, November 1897 magazine p.4) In an April 6th, 1945 obit in the Winter Park Topics, the following was pointed out:

Under the name of Prestonia Mann Martin she gained international fame from her sociological thesis, "Prohibiting Poverty," which proposed a remedy for periodical depressions by a division of labor and a distribution of the necessities of life under government regulation. Her proposal brought comment and a large measure of approval from leaders of thought all over the world. Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt gave the book favorable comment in her public statements.  
 http://progressingamerica.blogspot.com/2012/07/regarding-friendly-relationship-and.html

Roosevelt also supported the Democrat Party’s claim that the United States is a democracy.  In a speech on January 6, 1941, he spoke of the United States as the “arsenal” of democracy, and declared that American policy in the world crisis was governed by the search for “four essential human freedoms: freedom of speech and expression throughout the world, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom from fear.  Great Issues in American History: From Reconstruction to the Present Day, 1864-1969, Edited by Richard Hofstadter, New York, Random House Book; P. 384

During the speech he specifically remarked that “every realist knows that the democratic way of life is at this moment being directly assailed in every part of the world.”  Great Issues in American History: From Reconstruction to the Present Day, 1864-1969, Edited by Richard Hofstadter, New York, Random House Book; P. 394


In a “Message for American Education Week”, September 27, 1938, President Roosevelt said, “Democracy cannot succeed unless those who express their choice are prepared to choose wisely.  The real safeguard of democracy, therefore, is education.  It has been well said that no system of government gives so much to the individual or exacts so much as a democracy. Upon our educational system must largely depend the perpetuity of those institutions upon which our freedom and our security rest. To prepare each citizen to choose wisely and to enable him to choose freely are paramount functions of the schools in a democracy."

In the next part of the chapter I begin to discuss the Roosevelt administration's influence on America's institution of education.

-- Political Pistachio Conservative News and Commentary

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